NAUSEA AND VOMITING
Nausea and vomiting are often associated with abdominal pain, and their presence may provide clues to the underlying diagnosis. Vomiting most commonly occurs with obstruction and distention of the stomach or intestine (pyloric stenosis, small bowel obstruction), motility disorders (diabetic gastroparesis), or irritation and inflammation of the peritoneum. In these disorders, vagal afferents are thought to stimulate the medullary chemore-ceptor trigger zones, which in turn induce vomiting. Drugs and gastric mucosal irritants may also induce vomiting via this pathway. Other disorders associated with vomiting include increased intracranial pressure, psychogenic vomiting, hypersecretion of gastric acid (Zollinger-EUison syndrome), and the early morning vomiting of alcoholics, pregnant women, and uremics.
- APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH ACUTE ABDOMINAL PAIN
- Initial Assessment
- MEDIASTINITIS
- The Use of Diuretics
- CARDIAC TUMORS
- ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE OF THE EXTREMITIES
- RESPIRATORY SENSORS
- Aminoaciduria
- Phenytoin
- Pathology
- HEMODIALYSIS AND HEMOPERFUSION IN THE TREATMENT OF DRUG OVERDOSES
- Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
- VARIATiT ANGINA
- OXYGEN
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION
- Gastrointestinal Tract
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
- AV JUNCTIONAL RHYTHM DISTURBANCES
- ETIOLOGY OF GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING
- Radionuclide Imaging
- LIVER BIOPSY
- FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF LOSS OF NEPHRONS
- Clinical Assessment of Anemia
- Blood Chemistries
- CLINICAL APPROACH TO LIVER DISEASE
- SOLITARY PULMONARY NODULE
- PERICARDIAL EFFUSIOH
- RESPIRATORY CONTROL CENTERS
- Pulmonary System
- BILIRUBIN METABOLISM
- THE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME
- Urinary Tract Infection
- Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of the Patient
- CLASSIFICATION OF THE MALABSORPTION SYNDROMES
- Laparoscopy