DISORDERS OF THE GALLBLADDER AND BILIARY TRACT
The liver produces 500 to 1500 ml of bile per day. The major physiological role of the biliary tract and gallbladder is to concentrate this material and to conduct it silently and efficiently, in well-timed aliquots, to the intestine. In the intestine, biliary bile acids participate in normal fat digestion while cholesterol and a wide variety of other endogenous and exogenous compounds carried in bile are excreted in the feces. Normally unobtrusive, the gallbladder and biliary tree are the source of considerable pain and disability when they become infected or obstructed. This chapter will briefly outline the normal physiology of the biliary system and then focus on the pathophysiology and clinical consequences of gallstones, the most important biliary tract disorder, closing with a brief discussion of neoplasms and other causes of bile duct obstruction. The reader is referred to Chapter 36E for a detailed discussion of the diagnostic approach to jaundice and biliary obstruction, and to Chapter 37 for a review of the various imaging techniques used to study the biliary tract.
- HEPATIC NEOPLASMS
- Proteinuria
- Lower GI Bleeding
- CLINICAL TESTS OF DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION
- Renal Tumors
- MECHANISMS OF ARRHYTHMOGENESIS
- MOTOR DISORDERS OF THE ESOPHAGUS
- TREATMENT
- Uremic Osteodystrophy
- Treatment and Prognosis
- CARCINOMA OF THE COLON
- Studies of Pancreatic Structure and Function
- THE AIRWAY STRUCTURE
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF MALABSORPTION
- Nephrotic Glomerulopathies
- GAS TRANSFER
- PERIPHERAL VENOUS DISEASE
- LABORATORY TESTS IN LIVER DISEASE
- Elimination of Waste Products of Metabolism and Drugs
- BRORICHODILATORS
- HYPERKINETIC PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
- Definition
- MANAGEMENT OF CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS
- Blood Chemistries
- ACID-PEPTIC DISEASE
- PLEURAL DISEASE
- Ovarian Cancer
- CLINICAL APPROACH TO LIVER DISEASE
- DIFFUSE LUNG DISEASE OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY
- Focal Glomerular Sclerosis (FQS)
- DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH MALABSORPTION
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION
- Regulation of Fluids and Electrolytes
- HEMODIALYSIS AND HEMOPERFUSION IN THE TREATMENT OF DRUG OVERDOSES
- Nosocomial Pneumonia